What is the term for when two species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures?

The correct term for when two species evolve similar traits as a result of facing similar environmental pressures is convergent evolution. This phenomenon occurs when distinct species independently develop adaptations that solve similar problems or fulfill similar ecological niches, leading to traits that may appear analogous despite the species not being closely related.

Convergent evolution illustrates how species can develop similar features, like streamlined bodies in dolphins and sharks, reflecting a shared response to similar challenges posed by their respective habitats. This highlights the profound influence of environmental factors on the evolutionary process, regardless of the genetic backgrounds of the organisms involved.

Other terms are related yet distinct. Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid diversification of a species into different forms to adapt to varying environments, which is more about divergence rather than the convergence of traits. Coevolution involves two or more species influencing each other’s evolution, especially in mutualistic or predatory relationships. Speciation describes the process by which new species arise, focusing on the formation of species rather than the similarity in traits across different species.