What does the Golgi body primarily do?

The Golgi body, also known as the Golgi apparatus, plays a critical role in the cell's functionality by packing and transporting proteins. After proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, they are sent to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo modifications, such as glycosylation (adding sugar molecules). This process ensures that proteins are correctly folded and functional, making them ready for their specific roles in the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

Once the modifications are complete, the Golgi apparatus packages these proteins into vesicles, which then transport them to their final destinations—either within the cell or outside of it. This sorting and shipping function is essential for maintaining cellular function and ensuring that proteins reach the correct location to perform their tasks effectively.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary function of the Golgi body. Energy production is primarily the role of mitochondria, waste breakdown is managed by lysosomes, and maintaining cell structure is generally the framework provided by the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Hence, the Golgi body's main function as a processor and transporter of proteins is fundamental to cellular operations.