What describes the dependent variable in an experiment?

The dependent variable in an experiment is the variable that is being measured or observed to assess the effects of the independent variable. When researchers manipulate the independent variable, they do this with the expectation that it will cause a change in the dependent variable. Thus, the dependent variable provides data that helps answer the research question.

In contrast, the independent variable is the one being manipulated, while control factors are kept constant to ensure that the results are due to the independent variable alone. These distinctions are crucial in designing an experiment effectively to determine cause-and-effect relationships.